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A Certificate of Origin is a document which shows the country in which an item destined for export was manufactured. Particularly;
a) The Certificate of Origin contains information on the destination of the item and other relevant pieces of information with regard to the export.
b) A Certificate of Origin must be issued by a body authorized by the state.
c) An item may be deemed wholly or partly made in a country depending on the input used in its manufacture.
Under the AfCFTA (African Continental Free Trade Area), an exporter must be able to prove the origin of the goods they are exporting whether or not the goods were manufactured by them. The proof of origin of any product may be shown by a validly issued Certificate of Origin (in hard or electronic copy) or by a validly Origin Declaration by an approved exporter.
The Certificate of Origin should be in any of the official AU languages which are Arabic, English, French, Portuguese, Spanish, Kiswahili and any other African language. There may be the need for an exporter to translate.
A proof of origin is valid for 12 month from its date of issuance and must be submitted to the appropriate customs body within its period of validity. A Certificate of Origin submitted after the validity period will only be accepted under exceptional and justified circumstances.
Under the African Continental Free Trade Area, documents that relate to the following may be added to the application;
a) Production processes in the originating country.
b) Purchase, cost, value of and payment of the product.
c) Shipment of the product.
d) Any other documents the Authority designated may require.
The business entity or exporter will obtain the Certificate of Origin from the Chamber of Commerce or institution of similar nature responsible for exportation of goods and services from one country to another.
Yes, the Designated Authority can issue a retrospective Certificate of Origin if it verifies that the information supplied by an exporter is consistent with the information on their file. The Authority must however indicate that the certificate was issued retrospectively.
Yes, if the exporter is able to prove to the Competent Importing Authority that due to some technical reasons their Certificate of Origin was rejected in the importing country although it was validly issued in the exporting country.
Yes, an exporter may apply to the issuing Authority for a duplicate Certificate of Origin in case of theft, destruction or loss of their Certificate of Origin. A duplicate Certificate of Origin may only be issued if the exporter has the export documents in their possession. The issuing Authority must endorse the duplicate as a duplicate Certificate of Origin together with the original and duplicate issuance dates.
The Customs Authority is mandated to check that the Official Forms are filled in a manner that prevents fraudulent activity. The Customs Authority has the right to ask for any further evidence and inspection of the exporter’s accounts to verify the information provided.
Yes, under the right circumstances, non-assembled or dismantled goods being imported in instalments may be validly accompanied by a single proof of origin when presented upon the arrival of the first instalment.
Goods in transit or storage by the time trading starts on January 1, 2021 may be eligible for provisions under this if the exporter is able to send to the Customs Authority of the importing country a retrospectively issued Certificate of Origin together with documents that show that the goods were transported directly within the trade area.
Yes. Small packages from private citizens (not more than $500 in value) of member countries to other member country citizens will be exempt if they are originating products.
Also, occasional imports of originating products intended for personal use of recipients, travelers or their families will not be considered as commercial imports. The threshold value for goods that can form part of a traveler’s luggage is $1,200.
An exporter will benefit from the preferential treatment provided under AfCFTA if they sell goods originating from a member country in a fair or exhibition in another member country as long as the Customs Authority in the second member country is satisfied that the exporter sold the goods in the second member country. The exporter will also have to prove that the goods were not used for any other purpose aside display at the fair or exhibition. The Certificate of Origin must indicate the particulars of the fair or exhibition.
Foreign products exhibited at fairs or exhibitions will be subject to the ordinary customs regime of the importing country.
It depends. Ordinarily, goods must be transported from/through member countries of the Free Trade Area to benefit under the regime. However, under the right circumstances, goods that are transported to an importing member country through other channels may still qualify even if those channels went outside the Free Trade Area as long as they originated from a member country.
An exporter who applies for a Certificate of Origin must keep a copy of their application for a minimum of 5 years after the completion of the application.
An importer who benefits from preferential treatment must keep documents relating to the importation for a minimum of 5 years from the date the preferential treatment was granted.
A Designated Authority in charge of exports in a member country must keep copies of all Certificates of Origin it has issued for a minimum of 5 years while Designated Authorities in importing member countries must keep all Certificates of Origin submitted to them for a minimum of 5 years.
A member country may refuse to accord the preferential treat due an exporter or importer who fails to maintain records relating to the origin of the goods or denies access to such records.
Slight discrepancies between statements in the Certificate of Origin and documents submitted to Customs or other Designated Authorities do not necessarily amount to the cancellation of the Certificate of Origin. An exporter or importer who is able to show that the Certificate of Origin corresponds with the goods submitted will avoid the cancellation of their certificates.
Also, formal errors or typographical errors on a Certificate of Origin will not result in the rejection of the certificate if the errors do not create doubts about the accuracy of the contents of the certificate.
Unlike most Certificates of Origin, the AfCFTA’s Certificate of Origin has no QR code. Most features of the AfCFTA’s Certificate of Origin are similar to other international trade agreements. The QR code, if added to the certificate, will make it uniquely identified and can be easily traced with the aid technological gadgets.
About Michael Apalbilah B.Y.: Michael is an Associate at multi-specialist pan-African business law firm AB & David specializing in the areas of Government Business & Regulation, Dispute Resolution and Africa Trade.
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• AB & David: A Leading Business Law Firm Serving Clients Across Multiple Jurisdictions in Africa
• David Ofosu-Dorte Presents AB & David Law Firm: Covering the Entire Business Spectrum
• AB & David Law Firm: Providing Excellent Service Throughout the African Continent
• Pan-African Business Law Firm AB & David Discusses Partnerships With International Firms
• Leading Business Law Firm AB & David to Remain Among the Top Ten Law Firms in Africa
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• Corporate Administration: The Emergence of the Insolvency Practitioner by AB & David
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• AB & David: An Overview of Creditors’ Rights and Protection in Corporate Administration
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• The Advantage of the Africa Advantage by David Ofosu-Dorte, Senior Partner of AB & David
• Securitization: AB & David Africa Discusses Loan Repayment and Collateral in Ghana
• “Is Africa Cross-Border Lending Under Threat?” by Akosua Akowuah of AB & David Africa
• Competition, Regulation and Excessive Pricing of Medicines by Thula Kaira of AB & David Zambia
• FAQs – The Certificate of Origin Under the AfCFTA by Michael Apalbilah B.Y. of AB & David
• Things to Know About Taking Security in Loan Transactions in Ghana by Akosua Akowuah
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